10 Amazing Graphics About Evolution Korea
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Evolution Korea
South Korea's democratic system is vulnerable to populist inclinations. Nonetheless, it is healthier than might be expected.
The country is looking for a new development paradigm. A Confucian culture that stresses respect for ancestors and gendered family relationships continues to influence the way we live. There are indications of a secularist culture trend emerging.
Origins
In the prehistoric era, the ancestors of modern Koreans lived by hunting and gathering wild food. Around 10,000 years ago, they began to cultivate millet, beans and other crops. They also raised livestock, and also made furs. These tribes formed tribal states one after another in Manchuria and on the Korean peninsula. They also created a metallurgy industry, producing bronze and later iron tools. They traded with other states and introduced Celadon papermaking block printing art styles, as well as written language to Japan.
Gojoseon was founded in 2333 BCE on the southern peninsula. This state embraced Chinese culture that included Confucian Philosophy and Buddhism. In this time, the inhabitants of Buyeo joined Gojoseon. Gojoseon was a state that was hierarchical where the monarch and senior officials were members of the land aristocracy, while the majority of the population was peasants. The state collected taxes from these people, and sometimes forced them to join the army or construct fortifications.
Onjo Prince Onjo, a prince from Goguryeo who was also the son of Jumong the founder of Goguryeo, founded the state of Baekje at the end of the period. This new kingdom expanded its territory into the southwest of the peninsula, and was at war with Goguryeo and China's commanderies in the area. Baekje introduced elements of Confucian beliefs into its official belief system and made the male centered concept of filiopiety an official doctrine in 1390 CE. Under the cover of filiopiety fathers were responsible to their families. They were expected to be obeyed by all and respected even by their children and grandchildren.
Goryeo, which would rule from 918 to 1392 CE established the Hangul alphabet that was based on the shapes formed by the mouth when it was pronounced. This greatly improved communication between people and led to an explosion in the writing of Buddhist texts. Woodblock printing and the movable metal type were also refined. It was at this time that the Samguk sagi, or 'History Of the Three Kingdoms' was first recorded in 1145 CE.
Development in Korea
The Korean peninsula has been habitable since Neolithic times. The earliest evidence of human settlements are evident in the form graves lined with stones, with precious items like amazonite jewellery being buried with the dead. Megalithic structures, referred to as dolmens, and made from single large stones are widespread throughout the country.
In the first half of the 1st millennium BCE, Gojoseon established itself as the first recognizable political state. The peninsula was ruled by several states in the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC- 635 CE) including Baekje Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. Additionally, the northern part of the peninsula was ruled by the Balhae kingdom, which most historians do not consider to be a legitimate Korean state.
After the Three Kingdoms, several smaller states emerged in the Proto-Three Kingdoms period, or Several States Period (yeolgugsidae). Baekje was the most powerful of these states was weakened by the fall of Goguryeo (676 CE), leaving it with only its southern territories in Manchuria, and western region around Hwanghae Bay. Eastern Buyeo and the Gaya confederacy, prospered for a short period of time.
The Unified Silla Kingdom then emerged and the three kingdoms began to collaborate to expand their territories. In the final, Silla, with significant Chinese assistance, defeated the other states and unified the peninsula in 935 CE.
As Korea is entering the post-crisis phase, its development paradigm appears to be in flux. The people who are awed by the huge costs of the old systems are in favor of a comprehensive plan for liberalization of capital, labor and markets for products. On the other hand champions of the old system are seeking to keep it in place by leveraging nationalist sentiments and generating fear over potential job losses.
Analysts and academics are divided about the extent to which Korea's evolution is influenced by these two trends. This article examines developments to date by analyzing five phases of the country's political evolution: illiberal democracy (1945-60) democratic authoritarianism (1961-72), authoritarian exceptionalism (1972-87), democratic paternalism (1987-2001) and democratic participation (2002 to the present). This article also highlights key factors that seem to be influencing these developments.
Creationism in Korea
In South Korea, 26% of the population is Christian. Creationists have succeeded in promoting their views among this population. A survey conducted in 2009 revealed that almost a third of respondents did not believe in evolution. Of those, 41% claimed that there was insufficient evidence from science to support the theory 39% claimed that the theory contradicted their religion and 17% claimed it was difficult to understand. This level of disbelief is comparable to that of the United States, where a similar percentage of people do not believe that humans evolved from less advanced types of life.
In the past, the anti-evolution campaign in Korea was focused on educating students and in bringing Christ to them. An increase in interest in creation science began in the year 1980, following a four-day seminar held during the World Evangelization Crusade in Seoul which included Drs. Henry Morris and Duane Gish of ICR as the featured speakers. This event attracted a huge number of pastors, professors, church leaders and scientists.
The success of the event led to the formation of the Korea Association of Creation Research on January 31, 1980. The event was widely covered in national newspapers including The Korea Times, Chosun Ilbo and The Korea Times.
KACR began publishing a monthly newsletter called CREATION, which published its activities and also published articles on the scientific evidence supporting creationism. It also translated film strips and slides from ICR and also some books on creationism which were already published outside of Korea. KACR members gave lectures across the country in churches and universities.
One example of one KACR success story occurred at the KAIST university in Seoul. Students at the KAIST university in Seoul were so keen on the concept of creationism that they raised money and got funding to construct an enlightened museum on campus.
In addition to its public activities, KACR publishes a bimonthly news magazine called CREATION that covers topics related to creation science. It also hosted a series of lectures by ICR staff. It has also established a network of local branches that hold seminars and provide talks to school children and other community groups.
Changes in South Korea
In the latter half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Korea moved toward a Westernised lifestyle. The traditional Korean dress, the hanbok was replaced by miniskirts, and other foreign fashion elements. Similarly, traditional Korean music styles were replaced with modern jazz and rock 바카라 에볼루션 and roll. In this time the famous samulnori, also known as the masked dance-dramas were very popular. These dramatic pieces were performed to the beat of shaman drummers as well as other instruments of music.
Korea's new development paradigm is being created in the wake of the economic crisis. The primary challenge facing the new regime is to find the right balance between state-led economic policies and market-oriented ones. It also requires a change in the incentives and monitoring strategies that have been a part of the pre-crisis system. These issues are addressed in Chapters 3 and 4.
Baekje was founded by Onjo, prince and third son of Jumong of Goguryeo, was founded by people from the Hangang River area, Buyeo, and other areas and also by a migrant from northern China. In the 4th century, in the early part of, Baekje was a major regional power, and expanded its territory as far as Mahan in the north and Jeollanam-do in the south. In the process, it entered into frequent battle with Goguryeo and the Chinese commanders along the border.
The decline of Silla between the 8th and 9th centuries led to the rise of powerful local factions. Gungye was a noble from Later Baekje, established a kingdom with Songak as its capital. He also was in control of a portion of present-day Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces. Then, he moved the capital to Wansanju and became a rival of Goguryeo.
His rule was however only for a short time. After Gungye was defeated by a powerful local leader Wang Geon, who united Goryeo with Baekje and Silla in 935. Later, Baekje was peacefully incorporated into Goryeo as a successor state. Wang Geon also introduced fundamental reforms and strengthened the centrally-run system. This marked the conclusion of the Three Kingdoms period. From then on, the Korean peninsula was under the control of the Goryeo Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo Baekje Silla slowly grew into powerful states on the peninsula as well as in Manchuria.